Marketing Quiz

University of the Southern Caribbean School of Business Principles of Marketing Take Home Assignment on Chapter 13-16 Name: __________________________________ ID_______________________DATE__________ Refer to the scenario below to answer the following questions. Section 1. In the 1970s, Shipshewana was only a small town with a hardware store, a grain mill, a shoe store, a small restaurant, and a grocery store. Over the next two decades, the small town transformed into an international tourist attraction, attracting thousands of tourists who are intrigued with the lifestyle of Shipshewana's largest population the Amish.Ben and Mary Miller, having grown up within the Amish faith, decided to capitalize on their town's popularity and their woodworking skills. Their shop, Indiana Wood, began with a small display of handmade hickory rocking chairs, Ben Miller's specialty. But within a few months, the display at Indiana Wood included picnic tables, flower boxes, and small handmade novelty it ems. No other shop offers the same. Mary Miller decorated the shop's display room with authentic Amish decor and eventually hired three Amish friends to sew and embroider napkins and other textiles per customer request.In addition, two women from the Amish community sought permission from the Millers to display home-baked pastries and jellies on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, the town's busiest tourist days, when Shipshewana attracts swarms of visitors to its flea market on the south edge of town. â€Å"Shipshewana is full of specialty shops,† Mary Miller stated. â€Å"People don't come here to buy things made in China or Taiwan. They want real, Amish-made goods. † 1. Indiana Wood is best classified as a(n) ________ retailer. A) full-service B) self-service C) limited-service D) discount E) off-price 2.Which of the following is most critical to Indiana Wood's success? A) place B) price C) differentiation D) store atmosphere E) services mix 3. The Amish decor and shop workers give customers an authentic impression of the pride and skill built into the shop's products. These aspects also contribute to the store's ________. A) product assortment B) services mix C) atmosphere D) segmentations E) targeting 4. Which of the following would be the most logical way for Indiana Wood to expand? A) establishing an online presence B) pursuing retail convergence C) implementing RFID inventory trackingD) establishing a community-gathering environment in the store E) joining a producers' cooperative Refer to the scenario below to answer the following questions. John Mayes opened Sparkle Janitorial in 1999. John began by acquiring two contracts for office cleaning services from two local manufacturing facilities. For two years, John and his wife, Barb, performed the cleaning services alone. After acquiring three additional cleaning contracts in 2001, John hired two employees. â€Å"Up to that point, we had room to grow but we really had no advertising plan,† Joh n stated. We were relying mostly on word-of-mouth. † By 2003, Barb hired another two full-time employees to begin Sparkle's new endeavor: carpet cleaning in homes and offices. â€Å"Competition was getting tough for both of our services at that point,† Barb added. â€Å"We ran a local radio spot three times each week. Then we had an advertiser print coupons on placemats. That gave us a little more exposure. † John and Barb Mayes admit that they never realized the value of a sound promotional plan before now. â€Å"We wish we would have put together something catchy with a jingle way before now,† they said. 5.Which of the following would be the LEAST effective way for John and Barb to reach new potential customers? A) word-of-mouth influence B) buzz marketing C) public relations D) network television advertising E) direct marketing 6. In a recent radio spot, John and Barb gave a quick explanation of Sparkle's cleaning process and a description of the value consumers receive for their money. This is an example of a(n) ________. A) emotional appeal B) standard appeal C) rational appeal D) moral appeal E) social appeal Most of the clientele at Second Avenue have learned about the store through word-of-mouth communication.This small retailer of quality second-hand children's clothing thrives on the sale of a vast inventory of children's clothing placed there on consignment. â€Å"Because small children grow so quickly,† Second Avenue's owner commented, â€Å"they often outgrow many of their clothes before they've hardly been worn! † Second Avenue provides a way for people to sell their children's clothing, earn a few dollars, and buy the next larger size. â€Å"We're extremely picky about the condition of the clothing we stock,† the owner stated, â€Å"but we sell most items at a 60 percent discount. 7. Which of the following media options would MOST benefit Second Avenue's promotional efforts given the store's limit ed budget? A) periodic advertising in a local newspaper B) daily advertisements on a local radio station C) weekly commercials during the local evening news D) a billboard placed on the interstate E) a link on the city's Chamber of Commerce Web site 8. Second Avenue wants to create a postcard to be sent to local families with young children. The postcard will include information about the store's typical inventory, store hours, and directions.Which of the following format elements can make the biggest difference in the success or failure of the direct mailing? A) copy B) headline C) illustration D) font E) color 9. The owner of Second Avenue wants to establish a community clothing drive to collect clothes for a local children's shelter. The owner will set up collection barrels outside Second Avenue. Which of the following public relations tools is the owner using? A) press relations B) product publicity C) lobbying D) development E) public affairs 10. At Finley's Fine Goods, members of the sales force and marketing epartment tend to have disagreements when things go wrong with a customer. The marketers blame the salespeople for poorly executing their strategies, while the salespeople blame the marketers for being out of touch with the customer. Which of the following steps should upper-level management at Finley's Fine Goods take to help bring the sales and marketing functions closer together? A) establish a customer sales force structure B) establish a complex sales force structure C) appoint a new sales force manager D) adopt a sales force automation system E) appoint a chief revenue officer 11. Ultra-Tech, Inc. as decided to switch to a customer sales force structure. Which of the following advantages is the company now LEAST likely to enjoy? A) The company can become more customer-focused. B) The company can better serve different industries. C) The company can build closer relationships with important customers. D) The company can better serve current cus tomers and find new customers. E) The company can expect salespeople to develop in-depth knowledge of numerous and complex product lines. 12. Johnson Business Solutions, Inc. , maintains one sales force for its copy machines and a separate sales force for its computer systems.Johnson Business Solutions utilizes a ________ structure. A) product sales force B) customer sales force C) territorial sales force D) a combination of B and C E) complex sales force 13. Morrill Motors splits the United States into 10 sales regions. Within each of those regions, the company maintains two sales teams? one for existing customers and one for prospects. What type of sales force structure does Morrill Motors use? A) territorial B) product C) customer D) complex E) workload 14. An IBM sales representative is giving a product demonstration to a Best Buy representative.Assisting with the demonstration are an engineer, a financial analyst, and an information systems specialist. If IBM wins the Best Buy account, then all four IBM representatives will service the Best Buy account. This is an example of ________. A) team selling B) territorial selling C) inside selling D) prospecting E) sales promoting 15. Sales have been slow recently at B & B Materials, so management has organized a training program to improve the performance of its sales force. Which of the following would most likely lead to improved sales for B & B Materials?A) tests to measure the analytic and organizational skills of the sales force B) information about the marketing strategies used by competitors C) tests to identify the personality traits of sales force members D) a time-and-duty analysis for each salesperson E) instructions on completing expense reports 16. The CEO of Comfy Carpet, Rick Hadley, was skeptical about Web-based training until his sales manager explained that online training is ________. A) time consuming and difficult to use B) used by all small companies C) dynamic and interactive D) cost comp etitive and efficientE) useful to customers 17. At Deck Decor, a manufacturer of outdoor furniture and accessories, the marketing and sales force objectives are to grow relationships with existing customers and to acquire new business. Which of the following compensation plans should management establish to encourage the sales force to pursue both of these objectives? A) straight salary B) straight commission C) salary plus bonus for new accounts D) commission plus bonus for new accounts E) salary plus commission plus bonus for new accounts 18. Mary Conti is sales manager for National Computer Training.She wants to evaluate the performance of her sales force that is responsible for the New England territory. Mary will most likely review all of the following in her evaluation EXCEPT ________. A) call plans B) sales reports C) call reports D) expense reports E) territorial sales and profit reports 19. The sales force of Conway Pools has qualified a number of leads. Which of the follow ing will most likely occur next? A) The outside sales force will call on all prospects. B) The outside sales force will close the deal with one of the prospects. C) The outside sales force will learn as much as possible about the prospects.D) The inside sales force will attend meetings with qualified prospects. E) The inside sales force will put together a presentation for the prospects. Section 2 1. The wheel-of-retailing concept deals mainly with wholesalers rolling out reduced service levels. 2. The life cycle of new retail forms is getting longer. 3. Unlike mass marketers, niche marketers expect to see continued growth in their online sales. 4. Retail convergence means greater competition for retailers and greater difficulty in differentiating offerings. 5. The number of retailers creating communities for their customers is declining. 6.Like retailers, a wholesaler must decide on segmentation and targeting, differentiation and positioning, and the marketing mix. 7. In an automat ed warehouse, orders are fed directly from the retailer's information system to the wholesaler's, and the items are picked up by mechanical devices and taken to a shipping platform 8. The distinction between large retailers and large wholesalers is becoming blurred. 9. Mass marketers can expect consumers to distinguish between commercial message sources to maintain a clear image of a company and its brands. 10. The integrated marketing concept ties together all of the company's messages and images. 1. Integrated marketing communications allows brand messages to be developed by different departments within an organization. 12. A marketing communications director has overall responsibility for the company's communications efforts. 13. The communications process should start with mass media advertising to reach many consumers. 14. The four major communication functions are encoding, decoding, response, and noise. 15. Encoding is the process by which the receiver assigns meaning to symb ols. 16. Decoding is the process of putting thought into symbolic form. 17. Awareness, knowledge, and preparation are buyer-readiness stages. 18.Teaser† advertising is most closely associated with the buyer-readiness stage of liking a product. 19. There are three types of appeal from which marketers may choose as they design their message content. These types are rational, emotional, and moral appeals. 20. The â€Å"Stop. Think. Tylenol. † ad is an example of a moral appeal. 21. Although television advertising is expensive for corporations, the cost per exposure is relatively low. 22. Direct mail is one of the least expensive media on a per exposure basis. 23. The communication effects of advertisements and ad campaigns are more difficult to measure than the sales and profit effects. 4. In small and large companies, advertising is typically handled by an individual or team in the sales department. 25. Today's advertising agencies are staffed with specialists who can oft en perform advertising tasks better than a producer or retailer's own employees can. 26. Recently, the increased use of online social networks and video sharing has reduced the need for advertising standardization for global brands. 27. Since China has lifted many of its international trade restrictions, corporations such as McDonalds and Coca- Cola now have only limited censorship rules governing their TV and radio advertising. 8. In an attempt to change the perception that milk was unhealthy, the National Fluid Milk Processors Education Program established an advertising campaign featuring celebrities with milk mustaches and the tag line â€Å"Got Milk? † 29. A company typically spends comparable budgets on public relations and advertising. 30. A company's Web site can be an important public relations vehicle. 31. What types of products may be sold through category killers? 32. What types of products do specialty stores carry? Give an example of a specialty store. 33. 34.De scribe the differences between chain stores and franchises. 35. Describe public relations and three of its main functions. 36. Identify four of the major media types and identify some of the strengths and weaknesses of each type. 37. Why do many companies invest in ongoing training for their salespeople? 38. Compare the four types of compensation plans available to salespeople. 39. Name and define the four major communication functions. 40. Explain how advertising may change as a product moves from the introductory stage to the growth stage of the product life cycle.

Verizon Communications

Verizon Communication’s Core Competencies: Verizon’s success stems from the core competencies in which it possesses that provides for its basis of competitive advantage. The company has really made it a primary focus to strengthen these competencies to their full potential and utilizing them in an effort sustain its competitive advantage and strive toward long-term business growth. Below you will find a list of the key core competencies that Verizon depends on for its continued success and the details entailed to each one:Corporate Citizenship: In 2005, due to an industry that was going through many changes, as well as technologies experiencing an extremely rapid evolving rate, Verizon decided that it needed to focus on the internal processes of the business. Verizon did this by creating what it calls â€Å"CR360†, which stands for â€Å"Corporate Responsibility 360 Degrees†. According to the Business Civic Leadership Center, Verizon’s CR360 model à ¢â‚¬Å"provides a framework that enables employees to look at an issue from an internal and external perspective.The model integrates Verizon’s core values with an understanding of stakeholder expectations into a responsible decision-making process. Verizon has been able to generate employee understanding and cooperation in the CR360 program by incorporating its framework into its employee orientation and leadership training, as well as creating an online training course. According to Kathryn C. Brown, Senior Vice President – Public Policy Department, â€Å"as a company we are becoming more accountable and more cognizant of stewardship and responsibility, and we think that’s important to the success of our business.Infrastructure & Strength and Reliability of the Verizon Network: With the strongest, most reliable network in the market, Verizon has distinguished itself among many other carriers in being a leader in the industry. According to Tony Melone, Verizon Wireless senior vice president and chief technology officer, â€Å"I can promise you that reliability will continue to differentiate Verizon Wireless in the marketplace. There will be no substitute for good old-fashioned engineering. † Verizon is implementing this strategic approach by building the most reliable ext-generation 4G LTE wireless network in the country, and one of the first on the globe. The development of this mobile ecosystem will be due in part to the collaborative initiatives that are taking/took place: †¢ Verizon LTE Innovation Center: Serves as an incubator for early development of both traditional and non-traditional products for use on Verizon Wireless’ 4G LTE network. The company actively works with several strategic partners to help the consumer electronics industry quickly bring products to the market. The Verizon Developer Community and V CAST Apps: A strong group of application developers are helping the company bring innovative applicati ons to its customers. V CAST Apps will allow developers to take advantage of the company’s scale and distribution to market their applications to Verizon Wireless customers. †¢ Join Innovation Lab: Collaborating with China Mobile, Softbank and Vodafone, Verizon Wireless is developing a software platform that will allow developers to create their mobile applications to run seamlessly across multiple operating systems.Experience in the Industry: Verizon has over 125 years of experience in the telecommunications industry. Over those years, Verizon has acquired and merged with other companies, causing a large body of knowledge and skills being integrated into the Verizon businesses. Training Employees and Customer Satisfaction: Verizon holds the facet of learning as a large aspect of their business. Verizon’s trainers are expected to tie instruction directly to the company’s objectives.According to Lou Tedrick, Staff Vice President of Workforce Development, thi s approach ensures executive buy-in, provides concrete benchmarks by which to measure success, and helps the company better serve its growing customer base. The establishment of a certification program was needed because giving sales and customer service reps the product information they need, and keeping customers happy is a clear necessity for business. The program has four steps[1]: †¢ Stage 1: â€Å"Learn It† o The employee receives initial instruction both online as well as in the classroom †¢ Stage 2: â€Å"Show It†: Includes an activity-based demonstration to managers of knowledge attainment followed by feedback †¢ Stage 3: â€Å"Prove It†: o Workers take the test that determines whether or not they’ve earned the certification, and also includes an examination of post-training performance indicators. †¢ Stage 4: â€Å"Earn It†: o This stage is devoted to recognizing those who gain certification. Verizon’s Tangible and Intangible Resources: Tangible Resources: †¢ Financial Stability: According to Verizon Communications 2009 Annual Report, the company has $227. 3 billion in assets, operating revenues of $107. billion, and cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year ranging from $1. 2 billion – $9. 7 billion over the last three years. With substantial assets, revenues with steady increase over the last three years, and substantial amounts of cash on hand consistently year after year, Verizon’s financial backbone is very strong. Intangible Resources: †¢ Reputation with Customers: Verizon’s customers know that when they are signing up with Verizon for any of the services that it offers, they are going to be getting a reliable product and/or service with substantial quality.Whether it is wireline or wireless services or products, customers know the Verizon Communications’ reputation precedes itself. †¢ Goodwill: Verizon Communications’ firmly b elieves in the concept of corporate responsibility and giving back to the community and environment. Verizon really encourages people to get involved and volunteer for something that they love. In 2009, Verizon employees volunteered over 700,000 volunteer hours and donated more than $12. 6 million, which was matched by the Verizon Foundation for a total donation of $26. 1 million invested in community causes.Verizon is also very involved with finding a cure for America’s epidemic in domestic violence. The company provided the Jenesse Center in Los Angeles with a $250,000 grant for a job-skills training program to encourage economic self-sufficiency for domestic violence victims. Also, Verizon provide the Pennsylvania Coalition against Domestic Violence with a $50,000 grant to build its capacity to educate people throughout the state about domestic violence. Another philanthropic effort that Verizon has made has been the establishment and launching of free legal services.These legal services are provided by the company’s legal department and focuses on providing free legal services to three areas: education, support for victims of domestic violence, and support for returning veterans. Verizon anticipates that their attorneys and legal staff will volunteer more than 5,000 hours in 2010. [2] †¢ Company Image and Perception to Customers: When you think of AT&T, you typically think of dropped calls, no service, or lackadaisical customer service. More often than not, this is usually the case.Verizon, on the other hand, has a known reputation for quality customer service, meeting and exceeding the expectations of customers, and providing a product that is reliable, efficient, and consistent. Capabilities: Strategic Business Relationships: Verizon and Microsoft have collaborated to enhance the system characteristics of the cloud-based communication networks. Verizon is able to leverage its financial stability and resources in order to meet the high requirements of capital in order to obtain the best technology. [3]Human Resources: Verizon’s HR department had a keen awareness to the change in industry that was approaching. It knew that rather than making substantial investments in tangible assets, the key to a successful and profitable organization was the investment and sustainability in intangible assets like intellectual capital. Industries are becoming more focused on knowledge management versus hard inventory management. The ways in which Verizon implements this strategy is by focusing on five sectors of their personnel[4]: 1.Talent: Investing in the development of their employees in order to grow its pool of talent, as well as providing for an environment that promotes adequate ethnic and gender diversity. 2. Leadership: Locating employees with potential and providing coaching, development, and rewards for behavior that reflects leadership characteristics. 3. Customer Service and Support: Promote a work environment that encourages collaboration and teamwork, as well as increasing the employees’ knowledge about the products that the company provides and the services that it offers. . Organizational Integration: Provide different avenues and better systems that allow other business units to share information efficiently. 5. HR capability: Focuses on identifying specific talent for different rotational assignments and instituting a measurement system that identifies specific human resources achievements. SWOT Analysis: †¢ Strengths: o A wide range of different technologies o Access to a large amount of qualified employees o A network that has established a bold presence in the market. †¢ Weaknesses: Dealing with an increasing number in workers retiring o Due to the recent merges and acquisitions, Verizon is continuing to deal with differing cultural issues that are present throughout the organization. †¢ Opportunities: o Trying to attack different growth markets o Leveragin g its brand identity in order to institute it into potential markets. †¢ Threats: o Increasing government regulation o Substitution of its products and services with other providers’. o An economy that remains weak due to the financial crisis.Four Criteria of Sustainable Competitive Advantage: 1. Valuable: By integrating its dedication to quality customer service, it adds value to the consumer by letting them know that Verizon is putting forth the effort to make sure all of their problems are solved and to increase employee satisfaction. 2. Rare: By leveraging its name and resources resources, Verizon’s strategic relationship with Microsoft is a rare capability that other competitors simply cannot implement due to their limited IT budgets and personnel that is considered to be less technically avvy. 3. Costly to imitate: Competitors simply cannot afford to make the same capital investments and budget expansions that Verizon is capable of doing. If T-mobile wanted to invest into cloud service technology with Microsoft, the budget for its IT services simply wouldn’t permit. 4. Non-substitutable: Verizon operates the most reliable network in the telecom industry as well as exercisingWorks Cited†Corporate Responsibility. † Verizon Communications Corporate Responsibility. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://responsibility. verizon. om/home/results/community/ Lewis, Debbie.

Extent to Which an Organization Meets the Objectives of Different Stakeholders.

A person, group, organization, or system who affects or can be affected by an organization's actions. † A â€Å"project stakeholder† is defined as â€Å"a person, group or organization with an interest in a project. † That could mean a sponsor (an executive, customer, supplier, agency, etc. that is sponsoring / funding the project), upper management, a project manager, and others. Whoever has a â€Å"stake† in the project? In order to perform good project management, you need to both manage and meet stakeholder expectations. The result of the project should match their expectations for what will be delivered at the end of the project.Why would an organization look at project management software to help them with that? Certainly project management software cannot in and of itself meet stakeholder objectives, but it is a tool that is in the Project Manager's arsenal to facilitate meeting objectives. Here are some ways that organizations use it for this purpos e: -Providing a mechanism for stakeholders to check on the status of the project (such as task and schedule completion). -Providing a collaborative platform to interact and view interactions, such as via a blog. Sending proactive reports, such as cost, schedule, and issue data. In addition, project management software can help the Project Manager and other managers ensure that a) the project team understands the stakeholder expectations (perhaps by having a project description or attaching a key project document), and b) the project team is currently on the right path to meeting those objectives. How you utilize project management software depends on your particular needs, objectives, and culture, but meeting stakeholder objectives is one way to demonstrate the value of a good tool.In order to meet its objectives, the organization needs to know the people and/or the groups affected by, or affecting, its work – the stakeholders. Knowing who your stakeholders are will help you to: †¢Understand the effects of your activities, whether they were anticipated or unexpected, positive or negative. †¢Identify, and then respond to, their concerns and the issues they raise. There are all kinds of ways of doing this – a list, a chart, putting people and organizations on a geographic map, or making a ‘mind map’ (a technique for arranging ideas and their interconnections visually)

Term paper( summarize articles) Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

( summarize articles) - Term Paper Example The two democrat presidential aspirants Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton of New York and Barak obama of Illinois voted against earmark project, there was also a symbolic vote against earmark by Mr. McCain and this was to pass a message across. There were those from both parties who voted in favor of earmark but they couldn't meet up to the 60 votes needed to proceed on the issue. Mr. McCain was not particularly happy with members from both parties who don't see earmark as a wasteful project. An open seat in the congress that has been long held by Republicans in the conservative district was taken over by a Democrat. This happened after a special election, and has given the party an early boost in its drive to get a higher majority inside the House of Representatives. Woody Jenkins, a newspaper publisher lost to Don Cazayoux, a state representative, 49 percent to 46 percent, in a keenly and closely contested race for a seat left open as a result of the retirement of Richard Baker, a Republican. Mr. Cazayoux overcame the Republicans' view of him as a "liberal" by showing himself a little different from Mr. Jenkins with regards to social issues, by locking horns with figures like Nancy Pelosi, the House speaker, and Senator Barack Obama, who happen to share billing with him in a barrage of Republican attack advertisements.The Louisiana race was seen by the two parties' as an important test for the fall, given the fact that the district has been safe for Republicans for over three decades. a potential victory by Democrats is seen by them as a measure of Republican vulnerability; it is as an indication that it will be difficult to defend more than two dozen open seats that are in play in November, from the Republicans point of view. Mr. Cazayoux, who happens to be a low-key member of the State House and a one time prosecutor, matches the conservative model that Democrats deployed successfully in the 2006 elections when they took seats from Republicans. 4-Obama Wins Guam From NEW YOR TIMES By Sarah Wheaton Published:May 3, 2008 According to The Pacific Daily News, senator Obama won in Guam by a margin of only 7 votes. This result will probably not affect the outcome of the delegate calculations, given the proportional allocation of the delegates. Obama did pick up one superdelegate though, as a supporter of his was elected into the party's vice chairmanship position. 5-Narrow Victory for Obama in the Caucuses in Guam From NEW YORK TIMES By SARAH WHEATON Published: May 4, 2008 Senator Barack Obama defeated Senator Hillary Clinton by a margin of 7 votes to win the democratic caucuses in Guam. Delegates pledged to senator Obama received 2,264 votes, while those with Mrs. Clinton got 2,257 votes by the time hand-counting

Organisation Development-Academic Review Research Proposal

Organisation Development-Academic Review - Research Proposal Example Since, the concept has a origin long back it is sure that we can expect a great among its practitioners in the present world, and more over all those who are working in the filed of organizational development are closely related to the business sector but, due to the enormous development in the filed of information and communication the business sector in the present world irrespective of the type of business they are undertaking has taken a new dimensions when compared to the earlier periods. OD is closely inter linked with the organizations which are involved in any business in one way or the other, so it can be clearly noted that the way it was practiced in the earlier periods will not be worth while in the present stage. Identification of a problem is the main factor, which decides the results of any research, whether it is an action research or any other explorative research studies. Since, conducting any research without identifying the correct problem is like searching an answer without a question. Hence, problem identification should be given prior importance before designing any research. In general in every research work after identifying the problem the next main concern is to verify whether the identified population which will constitute the respondents has any relation with the identified problem so as to confirm whether the research will give a acceptable inferences whether a positive or negative, which in turn will pay way to further researches or it will help any decision making issues. In this research the identified problem can be stated as the "Assessment of the Organizational Development" which can be accepted as researchable topic. Since, in general any research will be conducted to identify or study any serious problems or issues or situations. In this context though assessing the filed of organization cannot be considered as a serious problem it can be considered as one of the serious issues the world is facing as today's world depends on the business sector for all their needs it is very important that the organization or the management running any business should be more effective. So assessing the organization development in particularly to find its strength, weakness, opportunities and the threats will surely pave to the improve in the practices which in turn will help in the better management of the organizations. Considering the all above said factors we can come to a conclusion that at this juncture the authors selection of research problem is notable. Literature Review: After identifying the population and problem among them, which is, going to be considered for research the second major thing is conduct the review of literature. Literature review is considered as such an important part of any research since this section of the research is the one which helps researcher to finalize the research design without any replication and with some improvements in the selected field. In the present article though we were not able to see the details about the reviewed literatures we can find that as it is stated in the methodology section that more than eighty recent literatures related to business challenges and opportunities were reviewed. We hope that all of them will be of great use in designing the other SWOT analysis section. Research

Mc Donalds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Privacy and Digital Investigations - Essay Example Therefore, upon the detection of suspicious computer incidents, the organization immediately launches a forensics/digital investigation which is fully compliant with a policy which has been jointly drawn up by both the legal and the IT departments. This report will begin with a brief overview of privacy considerations, following which it will describe the organization's policy and highlight both its strengths and weaknesses. According to federal employment laws, employees have a reasonable expectation of privacy. Aftab (2006) notes that the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 explicitly prohibits employer monitoring of employee private electronic communications, even if the medium of communication was owned by the employer, occurred in the workplace and on the employer's own time. Employees should reasonably expect that the electronic equipment assigned to their use, whether computers or telephones, are not going to be used for the purposes of monitoring their activities and private communiqus. At the same time, Aftab (2006) notes that it has become increasingly important for employers to monitor employee use of these equipments, especially in instances of investigation. Therefore, to overcome the strictures placed on employers by the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, organizations typically have employees sign an organization-specific Electronic and Communication Equipment policy. This p olicy, according to Merkow and Breithaupt (2002) and Aftab (2006), clearly specifies that that the employee has the right to review all documents and materials which were created, sent or received via corporate equipment and, indeed, to subject the equipment to forensic investigations which would expose employee use of the equipment. In other words, employees are often required to legally waive their legal right to privacy. According to our Legal Director, our organization has such a policy in place and all employees are required to sign it. 2.2 Patient Privacy Patient privacy is protected by federal legislature. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, clearly outlines the inviolability of patient confidentiality. Jacobs (2005) explains that it is contingent upon companies in the healthcare sector to ensure that patient data is protected against unauthorised access and, of course, public dissemination. If violations occur and investigations reveal that the organization did not do all that was possible to securitize patient data, it could be held liable for negligence and subsequently sued by patients. Therefore, the priority for ant healthcare organisation should be the securitization of patient data (Jacob, 2005). 3 Investigation Policy The organization's investigation policy, as explained by the Legal Department Director is simultaneously informed and enabled by the privacy considerations outlined in the above. Investigation policy is driven by the objective of identifying ant possible violations of patient privacy and the identity of the violator and the forensics investigations which are integral to the fulfilment of the stated objectives are enabled by employee waiver of their right

International tax coursework assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International tax coursework assignment - Essay Example The international tax system is required to be structured in such a way that any company carrying out its business in more than two countries should be liable to the domestic law of more than one country and the conflict of laws existing between the countries can be resolved by implementing the international law. The company residence acts have been introduced in which the company is considered as the resident of that country where its real business is being carried out. The technical fees services are required to be adopted under which the right to tax is assigned to the respective State of residence. The fundamental change to the international tax explains that the payment for technical services may erode the source country’s tax base. But the payment of technical services is not often taxed by the source country under the provision of United Nation Model Convention Treaty. Therefore the multinational companies often use this technical fees for availing technical, consulting and management services for generating profit from their subsidiaries. The main aim of the base erosion and price shifting is to provide certainty to the international businesses for harmonizing their international tax rules (Thuronyi, 2003). The main reason of addition of this provision to the UN model is that more than 100 treaties have been introduced and formulated but there is absence of proper and definite standard of doing the task. Introduction of different treaty creates a problem for the international tax payers who are required to verify the provisions laid by each treaty for carrying out its business operation within the border and abroad. The OECD transfer pricing guidelines has been formulated for the multinational companies and also for the tax administrations. This principle of transfer pricing is accepted by all the companies across the world. OECD approach associated with the intellectual property explains the functions that is outsourced to the

What were the main economic and institutional differences between the Term Paper

What were the main economic and institutional differences between the studio system of the 1930s and 1940s and 'new Hollywood' post-1975 - Term Paper Example 20). A lot of talent was drained from western countries and the Hollywood nurtured that talent by providing them lucrative benefits and rich culture. The staring era of films in the Hollywood was the era of silent movies and the messages were delivered by the body language, sounds, and the sequence and some time running the text on the screen. However, the economic, technological and institutional transformation occurred around the world revolutionized cinematic activities and Hollywood witnessed major changes in the studio system during different eras. ... Some of the movies are inspired by the true events and some of them are inspired by the fabricated plots, fictions and the legends. Classical Era Types of the movies in the classical era (classical studio) As it seems clear by the name that the classical movies had class, these movies were based on the Fictional and real plots. Irrespective of the time frame, both the movies based on the idealism and realism has been presented and has become hit on the box office. The combination of the real situation has also been used in some movies like the De Vinci Code (2006) and it has been done irrespective of the time frame. Either the classical movies or the modern movies both have been reflecting the contemporary culture in their entities but the difference is the time, so understanding the difference of time can put a light on the above mentioned criteria of the question. The classical era had many glamorous stars which provided synergies to the film industry of that super glamorous era, a nd the faith killing beauties were cast with the support of solid stories. The beautiful faces were not the only criteria there, but the strong script was the trade mark of that era which is still believed as the golden era of the film industry Solid plots with strong theme and story Both Gone with the Wind (1939) and The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939) were based on the bestselling novels and both movies were released in the same years. The 1930-40 was an era when the cream of best writer, directors and actors were coming there and it was a heaven for them (Chaplin, 2003, p. 91). A good work was immediately noticed in the Hollywood, and the feasibilities were made for them to release films on them. The industrialization affected the film industry and the base for

How I Will Help The University of San Francisco Carry Out Its Mission Essay Example for Free

How I Will Help The University of San Francisco Carry Out Its Mission Essay I am one of the few Korean Catholics who can strongly describe my upbringing as being in the typical tradition of the Roman Catholic church. My parents raised me with open eyes regarding how lucky we are in life and that we should always be more than willing to help those less fortunate than us. This meant teaching me early on in life about the virtue of charity and love for our fellowman and all of God’s other creations. One of the strongest lessons I learned from the priests whom my family mingled with is that Jesus Christ was a man who healed people and had a heart for those who could not help themselves. Those whom he healed, he expected no payment nor gratitude from. A person helps because he can of use and help to people, not because he wants to have something in exchange. Thus, my decision to follow a path in Medicine covering a course that reminds me of the humbleness of Jesus Christ as a healer. I chose to pursue a degree in Physical Therapy because a physical therapist is one who heals people by helping them regain their independence and functionality in life. A physical therapist seems to work miracles for the patient just as Christ used to do. Just as I strive to be. At this point in my education, I am like a ball of clay. Ready to be shaped by the masters of their craft, In my case, the professors of USF can mold me and help me achieve the accomplishments expected of a USF student. With the help of my classmates and professors, I plan to lay the groundwork and path towards my becoming a productive member of the USF student community by always striving to be the best that I can in class, helping those who need help regardless of their status in life or nationality, and also, by leading and undertaking various charitable activities that will bring medical service closer to the poor and indigents living near and around the school campus.

Reverse Engineering (Sequence Diagrams)

Reverse Engineering (Sequence Diagrams) Abstract For better understanding of the software system the extraction of high level models with the help of reverse engineering of behavioral model is preferred. Reverse engineering of sequence diagrams depends on instrumentation and analysis of the source code that considers structure of control flow. In the absence of source code this approach is senseless. In the proposed paper, the approach is to analyze the execution traces through reverse engineering of sequence diagram of the object-oriented applications has been analyzed. Our technique is based on reusing of algorithm k-tail and merging dynamic analysis for LTS. This Labeled Transition System is later converted into SD that has loops. Conclusion of the paper show that this technique can provide sequence time in reduced time and less resources. Keywords- Sequence diagrams, reverse engineering, execution traces. UML helps software engineers understand software through the visualization of interaction of the objects with other objects in it. When sequence diagram is absent the reverse engineering is used to extract accurate models. As per the paper, the authors have taken into account that RE (reverse engineering) of SD from extraction traces of object-oriented systems. The definition of execution trace can be given as a sequence of method invocations where each invocation represents interaction among objects. Reverse engineering can be done in two ways, one by analyzing the source code if the system statically and the other is to dynamically executing the program and analyzing the resulting traces for the sequence diagrams. Here, we are considering the method of execution traces of object-oriented systems for the reverse engineering of sequence diagram. Sequence of method invocation that shows the communication of different objects in an object-oriented system is known as an execution trace in that system. There are two challenges while mapping the traces of method invocation and messages which are: Control flow detection. Multiple execution trace merging. Existing methods use static analysis if method invocation is linked to loop blocks in source. Even though this solution cannot be used in the absence of source code. Several other methods have been proposed to cope with the above two challenges in reverse engineering, but they work only with sequence diagram that too from a single trace and the outcome with multiple execution trace is still uncertain. The prime goal here is to get the UML sequence diagram from multiple traces of execution using only dynamic analysis. Here, before going ahead towards the approach first the model which is used for formalizing the reverse engineering of UML designing is presented. A. Execution traces: First, the analysis is done by observing the trace of execution of the respective system. It can be defined as a sequence of method invocations. [1] Then invocation of methods and traces are defined as: label. caller | method | callee. Trace: Trace is just a sequence of invocation of methods. B. Sequence diagrams A sequence diagram shows the interaction of objects in a system with each other. It can also be shown as an algebraic expression with method invocation as atomic terms an the three operators as the operator in the expression.Sequence diagram can be expressed as[1]: D::=M|(DaltD)|(DseqD)|loop(D) This approach consosts of the following steps: Collection of traces. Merging of traces. Extraction of sequence diagrams. Collection of traces: In the first step, the interaction is observed of objects which are known, in different situations. Every situation, a method invocation is created and an execution trace is captured. Merging of traces: In this step, based on LTS merging, a technique is used which is described in the next section in detail. Extraction of sequence diagrams: In the last step, a sequence diagram is generated with the results of the previous steps Here the K-tail algorithm is used also known as grammar inference technique for merging execution traces. This involves two steps, which are as follows: Initialization: Here a LTS is generated for every execution trace. The generated LTS is a version of the finite automata. Merging: Here the above mentioned algorithm is applied for the merger of LTSes of different execution traces into one LTS. This algorithm uses the initial transitions systems as input, then merges K-equivalents. If the obtained states can be defined by the same path of method invocation, then only they can be considered as K-equivalent.The obtained LTS here shows the behavior in the input traces. In this part an approach is presented to extract a sequence diagram generated by the k-tail algorithm. As per the approach, known solution are reused for transforming DFA to Regular Expression for obtaining Regular Expression equivalent to LTS. The resultant Regular Expression is converted to sequence diagram through simple mapping. An approach has been proposed in the research for the reverse engineering of SD which is based on dynamic analysis. This approach is considered to be very important because in some secured systems, source code might not be provided. We have used the K-tail algorithm for the extraction of   Labeled transition systems (LTS) from observed execution traces. Later the extracted LTS is converted into a SD and then after   mapping to a regular expression. RE- Reverse Engineering, SD-Sequence diagram, LTS- Labeled Transition System, RE2 Regular Expression. [1] Tewfik Ziadià ¢Ã‹â€ - , Marcos Aurà ©lio Almeida da Silvaà ¢Ã‹â€ - , Lom Messan Hillahà ¢Ã‹â€ -à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  , Mikal Ziane A Fully Dynamic Approach to the Reverse Engineering of UML Sequence Diagrams., à ¢Ã‹â€ -UMR CNRS 7606, LIP6-MoVe Università © Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Università © Paris Ouest Nanterre La Dà ©fense, Nanterre, France à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Università © Paris Descartes, Paris, France. [2] Lionel C. Briand, Senior Member, IEEE, Yvan Labiche, Member, IEEE, and Johanne Leduc Toward the Reverse Engineering of UML Sequence Diagrams for Distributed Java Software, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, VOL. 32, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2006. Fig. 1 An example of extracted sequence diagram

Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk | The Outsider by Albert Camus

Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk | The Outsider by Albert Camus In both Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk and The Outsider by Albert Camus, the protagonist explores the significance of their existence. The two characters determine that everyone is destined to the same fate. The narrator says Its easy to cry when you realize everyone you love will reject you or die(Palahniuk, p8). Later on in the novel one understands why the narrator is unnamed, however for simplicity sake he is often referred to as Jack. Jack is right; were all privileged to the same ending. We all die, even better we all die alone. This is a philosophical outlook on life that is commonly referred to as The Absurd. Humanitys efforts to find meaning in the universe are waste because such a thing will ultimately fail. The philosophy concludes that this search for a meaning of life is a search that is humanly impossible and therefore absurd. The originally materialistic narrator in Fight Club, who remains unnamed throughout the novel, as well as the seemingly irrational French man Mers ault eventually believe whole heartily in the Absurd. Throughout both novels several examples of emerge which demonstrate their application of the Absurd. There are four commonalities in the books that offer the best illustration of this philosophy and how it applies to their lives; each commonality illustrates strange behaviour by the main characters. They challenge the reader to analyse whether or not their actions are appropriate or utterly ridiculous. Initially both protagonists are faced with a certain traumatic event; both react similarly to each other however their response is strikingly different than the average persons, they do not cry, they are not enraged because they live life completely in the present. Soon after, confronted with another odd situation, both Jack and Mersault do the strangest of things which infringe on the standard set of morals followed by most. But for a moment one wonders, why should they act any differently? Following these actions, the reader sees the most brutal consequence of their beliefs; the death and dismemberment of other characters making it clear that they do not care for the lives of others. Finally at the end of both novels, both protagonists have their epiphanies. They settle on an answer to a fundamental question, what is the significance of their life, and the lives of others? It is clear that this belief in the Absurd is what makes these novels so fascinating, it is what drove the plot, instigated character growth and lead them to an eventual peace. Jack and Mersault live life completely in the present. Their realization of lifes meaninglessness allows them to live free of remorse and guilt. They both accept their pasts and move on. Both men are confronted with an incident which would be detrimental to most. The men experience all things at face value, and so they are focused on the details of what is currently happening around them experiencing the even with a lack of forceful emotions. To most this looks like a distinct detachment from the traumatic event, and that the two men lack the understanding of basic human reaction. Within the novel Fight Club, Jack is first stuck living a materialist lifestyle. A life of mediocrity, Jack works as a product recall specialist, lives alone with his IKEA furniture and a wardrobe that was becoming very respectable. Eventually he is drawn towards a puzzling man named Tyler Durden whom he met on one of his many business trips. When arriving home from that very trip, Jack is welcomed by all his belongings scattered on the street. There had been an explosion inside his apartment. With no home and having lost all his possessions, Jack says: May I never be complete. May I never be content. May I never be perfect. Deliver me, Tyler, from being perfect and complete (Palahniuk 31). Why did Jack appear completely void of emotion at a time like this? Imagine: youve lost almost everything you own, youre left with just the clothes on your back after living your life owning everything you need. You feel sad, you feel crushed, and you are overcome with emotions. Jack feels nothing of that sort. Oh, not my refrigerator, this was the extent of his emotions felt towards the event (Palahniuk 30). Instead of becoming overwhelmed with the implications of this event, Jack looks over his items which have been scattered on the sidewalk. To Jack this explosion had blasted [his] clever Njuranda coffee table in the shape of a lime green ying and an orange yang that fit together to make a circle, and ruined his Haparanda sofa group with the orange slip covers, designed by Erika Pekkari (Palahniuk 28). These kinds of details often fall to the back of ones mind when evaluating such disadvantageous occurrences. Yet Jack definitely does not waste his time pondering about the single fact that he has lost his belongings. In the first sentence of The Outsider, Mersault is notified that his mother has died. He receives the news through a telegram. The telegram simply says that that there will be a funeral tomorrow. As heart breaking as this news should be, Mersault gets straight to the logistics of attending the funeral. His first thought is the distance to which he must travel to attend the funeral. Fifty miles, he decides he can catch the two oclock bus and get there in the afternoon (Camus 9). He does end up catching the two oclock bus and does in fact attend the funeral, yet expresses none of the emotions which are expected in such a circumstance. Mersault sees the funeral as it is and nothing more. He takes note of the small things that happen without adding an opinion about it. When they sat down most of them looked at me and nodded awkwardly. Mersault lets the reader know of all the details that do not escape him. He notices that they had their lips all sucked into their toothless mouths and tha t they were all sitting opposite me round the caretaker (Camus 15). Mersault is giving insight into how he feels about the funeral, although his mind is not busy mourning over the loss of his mother. Instead he makes remarks such as: I was tired and I was hot under my dark clothes (Camus 20). One should not be thinking about much besides the loss of a loved one at a funeral. Mersault is simply uninterested in dwelling on this fact. Both Jack and Mersault have similar experiences in the beginning of the novels. A tragic loss of a loved one and the loss of a majority of ones belongings should invoke strong emotions in a person. Not for these two gentlemen, instead its revealed that they live their lives completely in the present. In their minds, the emotions of regular individuals are meaningless and therefore they would rather use their time to experience life through all of the sense. They both feel joy and frustration like every other human being. The difference is that their feelings are purely sensual. Absurdism is very closely related to existentialism and nihilism, this branch of philosophy was extensively explored during the 19th century because of the disaster that the humanity had experienced (the brutalities of both World Wars). According to David E. Cooper, existentialist and absurdist ethics claims that: (a) moral values are created rather than discovered, (b) moral responsibility is more extensive than usually assumed, and (c) moral life should not be a matter of following rules (Cooper 179). Inside these two novels, both main characters do apparently immoral things to seemingly innocent people, for little to no satisfaction. They often do these things because they realise that their actions are untimely rendered meaningless because of death. According to Mersault in The Outsider, his new found friend and neighbour Raymond and his requests are a good enough reason to do some of the bizarre things. Several days after his mothers funeral, Raymond confronts Mersault on his way upstairs. Raymond offers Wine and black pudding to Mersault in exchange for company. Realizing that joining Raymond would save him the task of cooking dinner, he accepts. This meal was not without a catch. Raymond had explained his current predicament with his mistress; he has a plan to teach this woman a lesson for being deceptive. However the first part of the plan involved writing a nasty letter that would lower her self esteem but Raymond felt that he could not fulfill this task and insisted that Mersault should help him out by writing the letter for him. Throughout Raymonds explanation, Mersault was fully aware of how both Raymond and his mistress felt. Despite his knowledge on how the letter may affect the girl, he writes it. He did [his] best to please Raymond because [he] had no reason to please him (Camus 36). This example goes to show that he does not follow the regular set of rules that accompany morals because with his realization that his actions are meaningless in the future he has acquired a new freedom. In the beginning of Jack and Tylers relationship right after Jack had lost his apartment and all of its contents, Tyler says, he could move in with him, but he would have to do him a favour. There, drunk in a bar Jack asks what this favour will be. Tyler replies I want you to hit me as hard as you can (Palahniuk 31). Apart from being the symbolic beginning of a fight club which the plot is centered on, this simple request will demonstrate how Jack acts knowing that his actions are indifferent to the world. Of course he hits him, why not? He rational is based on the fact that acting morally and doing what most would see as sensible is pointless. The words of Mersault from The Outsider could at this point fall straight from the mouth of Jack. Everybody was privileged. There were only privileged people (Camus 116). Mersault means that we are all facing the same privileged destiny, death, and that is was unavoidable. Jacks actions do not ultimately matter to anyone, so he does not follow the rules used by most of the population which make up the basics of morality. The novels present two characters who act immorally they both decide to do things despite how immoral the things seem. Neither character is unintelligent, for they in fact do take note of the details which are their lives. By definition act morally is what you should, however both protagonists come to the judgment that to follow these rules made up by society is pointless. In accepting the Absurd, the theme of authentic existence is common, both Mersault and Jack demonstrate that very authenticity by as ones self which does not always follow the basic moral codes. To accept the Absurd is to continue to live in spite of the fact that the search for a meaning of life is absurd. In accordance with a new level of freedom acquired from the acceptance that one is free from all duty, come the theme of authentic existence. Authentic living involves being true to oneself in most situations and living in accordance with ones values and beliefs (Linley 386). Living true to oneself often accompanies the notion that ones reason and rationale are correct. This might sound like the right ways to life ones life; however in both novels both Jack and Mersault give examples of how their application to this philosophy works out. They both demonstrate a lack or care for others lives and as a result emerge as self-centered. Despite the first two rules of fight club instigated by Tyler, new men are showing up each week to fight. One weekend Jack is taking part in one of his many fights within fight club, this time however, he does not stay in the realm of fighting. Once Jack has knocked out his newcomer opponent, he does not stop striking. After ruthlessly hammering his face with his bony knuckles, Jack continues with the knotted tight butt of [his] fist after [his] knuckles were raw from [the newcomers] teeth stuck through his lips (Palahniuk 88). Afterwards he discusses his thoughts with Tyler during breakfast the following morning. Jack admitted that his insomnia had returned and that he was in a mood to destroy something beautiful (Palahniuk 87). By dismembering the face of the angel face newcomer, Jack remained authentic to himself in the situation. After the irritation with his insomnia has been flattened out, Jack calmly removed himself from the situation. Not a single feeling is expresses towards the physical and emotional damage caused to the newcomer. Mersault also presents an example of how he lives accepting the Absurd. Mersault, Raymond, and Raymonds friend have an awkward confrontation with the Arabs who dislike Raymond. After the fact, Mersault wonders the same area alone. The raging heat of the sun had caused Mersault much discomfort and therefore he strolled towards the nearest shaded area which was the riverside. Unfortunately, one of the Arabs who he knew was potentially dangerous was there sitting in the shade. Mersault describes his severe discomfort, the same intense heat that he had experience at his mothers funeral had returned at his very moment. All the veins in his forehead were throbbing at once beneath the skin (Camus 59). At this point all Mersault wants is the shade in which the Arab stands. Gun drawn, Mersault approaches the Arab in preparation for self-defence. At that point All [he] could feel was the cymbals the sun was clashing against my forehead (Camus 60). The Arab pulls out his knife and lunges for hi m. Mersault shoots the man and is finally rewarded with his shade. He acted to fulfill his desire for shade but at the same time he knew by doing this he would have to kill another man to get it. Remaining authentic to himself and abiding by his logic he chose to approach the Arab instead of finding other shade. By living true to themselves, Mersault and Jack appear to have acted eccentrically however to them it was the right decision. To them, it was better to abandon the rules that society shapes and take complete control on their lives, this way their action and their existence remained authentic. Acting true to themselves, they move past their seemingly brutal actions and thoughts onto the next thing on their mind. In Jacks case he goes on to explain to Tyler that he not only wanted to destroy something beautiful but that he wanted to everything beautiful [hed] never have (Palahniuk, 88). For Mersault, he realizes that has acquired a certain fate by shooting the man, Mersault fire four more rounds into the body purely in disappointment. They both belittle the thoughts and feelings of others to nothing because of their philosophy on life. In the last moments of both novels, both protagonists realize that in fact they do accept and embrace the Absurd. The characters themselves do not know what they really believe in until the end, but the reader knows. In the beginning the reader picks up that these two men are strange to say the least. Then, as the novels progress, their behaviour begins to reflect the philosophy of Absurdism exclusively. The acknowledgement of their beliefs pours out at a weird yet wonderful time in their life. Mersault is arrested, incarcerated, and placed on trial for his murderous act. The jury is convinced that Mersault is a soulless monster because of the lack of emotion he showed at his mothers funeral. It seems as though his murder is not what is ultimately judged in court, his seeming lack of remorse or guilt is what the judge and jury assess to decide his fate. Ultimately Mersault is condemned to death by decapitation. In prison awaiting his execution he meets a chaplain. The Chaplain attempt to turn Mersault towards faith in his hours before death, but is ultimately shot down my Mersault. As the time passes Mersault grows tired of listening to the Chaplain. Then, for some reason, something explored inside of [him] (Camus 115). At the top of his voice Mersault tells him every reason why he was wrong about religion. Mersault brings tears to the eyes of the Chaplain because he insists that he has no time for God, and that one should. When he finds composure he finally comes to realiz e how he feels about the world. He says: It was as if that great rush of anger had washed me clean, emptied me of hope, and, gazing up at the dark sky spangled with its signs and stars, for the first time, the first, I laid my heart open to the benign indifference of the universe (Camus 117). With this he finally recognizes the absurdity of the universe and humanities indifference to it. He becomes aware of the Absurd; he becomes aware that he has to create his own meaning in his life. Mersault is finally able to experience a subjective and intense meaning in the form of a peace brought about by this surrender to the benign indifference of the world.ÂÂ   When Jack finally figures out that Tyler is not a separate person but rather a separate personality, His mind spins out of control and he eventually ends up symbolically shooting himself not to kill himself but to kill Tyler. Jack ends up in a psychiatricÂÂ  hospital where he utters his final conclusion on the meaning of his life. Jack says: I look at God behind his desk, taking notes on a pad, but Gods got this all wrong. We are not special. We are not crap or trash either. We just are. We just are, and what happens just happens. And God says, No, thats not right. Yeah. Well. Whatever. You cant teach God anything (Palahniuk 154). Just like Mersault, Jack also comes to the conclusion. He remarks that to consider God as real, and a leap of faith to believe that there is meaning beyond what a human can rationalize or prove as real, is ridiculous because you cannot question it or obtain a deeper understanding that whats written in religious books. Just as Mersault does, Jack grasps the concept that lifes meaning is only to exist. These narratives give meaningful insight into the meaninglessness that is The Absurd. Both novels comprise of character self discovery. I have addressed four specific types of experiences which apply to both novels that Due to its non-conformist nature, many readers struggle with Absurdism when they are first exposed to it. Indeed, it would be accurate to describe absurdism and absurdist fiction as an acquired taste. Conversely, this genre is a favourite among scholars because it lends itself so well to interpretation, discussion, and debate. Similarly, the moral of the story is generally not explicit, and the characters are often ambiguous in nature. Restate thesis.

Sir Philip Sidneys Astrophil and Stella Essay -- Astrophil Stella Ess

Sir Philip Sidney's Astrophil and Stella The literary fortunes of Sir Philip Sidney illustrate nicely the contrast between the Elizabethan and twentieth century views on imitation and originality in literature. Sidney's sequence of 108 sonnets entitled Astrophil and Stella which appeared at the end of the sixteenth century drew immediate praise from English readers who appreciated his "blend of wit and sensibility, of intellectual brilliance and temperamental ardour" (Lever 53); they liked especially the "directness and spontaneity" (53) of the poems. Sidney himself contributed to his reputation for sincerity with the immortal lines of first sonnet: "Biting my truant pen, beating my self for spite, / Fool, said my Muse to me, look in thy heart and write." Teachers repeat this good advice endlessly. I tell my College Writing students to use personal experience; one can hardly go wrong with early childhood memories because the material is pure--not yet contaminated with the clichÈs of what we are supposed to believe and fe el. Astrophil and Stella inspired literally thousands of sonnets and Sidney's admirers thought that he was greater than Spenser or Shakespeare. The idea that Sidney, himself happily married to Frances Walsingham, could be passionately in love with Penelope Rich and jealous of her husband bothered Victorian critics. How can one justify Astrophil's pursuit of adultery? Various excuses were made for Sidney: Elizabethan morals tended to be lax, it was Astrophil and not Sidney who was at fault, the marriage of the Riches was not what it should have been, etc. But the story of a passionate Astrophil who pursues the chaste Stella lost much of its appeal for another reason with the advent of historical critici... ... most insightful and intelligent persons succumb to rationalization--in effect allowing reason to switch camps. Or in Sonnet 71 we see how beauty and Virtue naturally live together in Stella; Virtue "bends . . . love to good." But then, again, all is lost in the last line as the flesh triumphs over the spirit: "But, ah," Desire still cries, "give me some food." The sequence never does reconcile reason and desire; it reminds me of the battle Paul describes in Romans 7. The last sonnet depicts Astrophil's psychological disarray, for he is unable to separate misery from ecstasy. Stella's influence upon him prevails so "That in my woes for thee thou art my joy, / And in my joys for thee my only annoy." Works Cited Lever, J.W. The Elizabethan Love Sonnet. London: Methuen, 1956. Nichols, J.G. The Poetry of Sir Philip Sidney. England: Barnes & Noble, 1974

CD Review :: essays research papers

Jay-Z Blueprint Here you have it, all you Jay-Z fans; a much anticipated review of the hot new CD!! 1)The Ruler's Back 3:49 This song is Jay-Z singing about...Jay-Z. In this song he sounds very conceded. He is 'the Ruler', and when he says "I'm back n***a", there are trumpets playing in the background, jsut like you'd imagine them being played for royalty. He talks about how rich he is, and how he doesn't care if he goes to court, he says"What's a couple dollars to me?" and the only thing he cares about is that you respect him. I dunno, it's kinda tough respecting someone with that big an ego. But it's kinda cool, in the beginning the beat goes with his laugh, it reminds me of how we're supposed to get the virbrato on flute, the whole "hahaha" thing. 2)Takeover 5:13 I like the beat to this song. it's the type you'd go cruising with, turn the bass waaayyyy up. so that you can't even hear the words. Int his song he advertises his record label Roc-A-Fella, and how powerful he is, and how he and his rappers are "runnin' this rap sh*t". He talk about how many more records he's sold than DMX, and disses him. At one point he uses a DMX clip where they're shouting "NOOOO!" And every time, it never fails, I jump out of my seat, it sounds as if someone is sitting right next to you screaming bloody murder. 3)Izzo (H.O.V.A.) 4:00 This is one of my favorite songs on the cd, in fact, this song is the reason I bought the cd. This song has a peppy beat, and talks about how he, inspite of everything that has happened to him, he comes out on top. Honestly, i have no idea what "H to the izzo, V to the izzy" is supposed to mean. The chorus has a girl singing that line, and Jay-Z saying "Forshizzo my nizzo, used to dribble down in VA", then the girls sing "H to the izzo, V to the izzy" again, and then Jay-Z says "That's the anthem, get your da*n hands up". It's the type of song you can't help but bop your head to. It's also the perfect length, by the end of it, you aren't tired of the song unlike some of the other songs on this cd. 4) Girls, Girls, Girls 4:35

The Conqueror And King: Alexander The Great

Alexander the Great, as his name connotes is probably one of the greatest military leaders and conquerors in the history of the world. At a very young age, he was able to put much of the Hellenistic world under his control extending over 3,000 miles from Greece to India (Cummings, 2004). The unification of the numerous Greek city-states under the father of Alexander, Philip II of Macedon was attributable to the the great conqueror who took control over these lands that the Persian army used to control. These include Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria and Mesopotamia (Shone and Odgens, 2005).Alongside this, he extended the boundaries of his own empire reaching as far as Punjab (now a province of Pakistan) in the Indian subcontinent. These military achievements of Alexander the Great did not stop here. If he had not died at a very young age, Alexander the Great could have conquered the European lands (Tarn, 1979). He also wanted to continue his conquests by explori ng eastwards, hoping to find the end of the world which had been made known to him by his tutor, the great philosopher, Aristotle. Alexander’s tutor once told him tales of where the lands and the great oceans begin.It was also Aristotle who influenced the young prince greatly on how to behave properly, especially in dealing with women. His great respect for women has been very evident even during his adulthood (Syversten, 1997). In his conquests of new lands, Alexander encouraged the inclusion of foreigners into his army which is basically the reason why some scholars consider him to be a ‘policy of fusion (Cummings, 2004). ’ With this, he also encouraged the intermarriage between his army and foreigners, which he also engaged in by marrying Roxanne, the princess of Bactria, one of the present provinces of Afghanistan.Because of this, the military conquests and achievements ushered in what came to be known as the Hellenistic age, a fusion of Greek and Middle East ern culture (Gunther, 1963). In Afghanistan, for example, the rulers had combined Greek names with their own names. Having lived a life that was full of military achievements and accomplishments, though shortly lived made Alexander a person of vital importance not just in the history of the Greek culture but the history of the world as well. He has also appeared to be a legendary hero in the person of the Homeric hero, Achilles (Green, 1970).The Achievements of Alexander the Great The birth of Alexander the Great on the twentieth of July to Philip II of Macedonia and his fourth wife Olympias in Pella, Macedonia in Northern Greece happened to be the same day when the temple of Artemis has been raised to the ground- a good omen of how great the young prince would be (Robinson, 1963). Aside from this, he could have inherited the military skills and achievements of his other relatives. His father, like him was a great general and organizer. Similarly, Pyrrhus of Epirus was his second co usin (O’Brien, 1992).As a child, it has been said that Alexander would often get disappointed whenever he learns of his father’s successful conquests of new lands, thinking that there would be no more lands left for him by the time he sits on the throne as king (Syversten, 1997). By the time he reached thirteen, the young prince matured, thanks to his education under Aristotle. It was because of his education under Aristotle that he became interested in philosophy, literature, philosophy, countries, ethics, politics, etc.He also developed a love for the works of Homer and the Heroic Age (Pinkerton, 2002). His love for Homer’s the Iliad was the reason why he regarded Achilles to be his role model, and it was because of this that the young boy became fearless and strong which he demonstrated by riding Bucephalus, the horse no one ever dared to touch (Pinkerton, 2002). At the age of sixteeen, King Philip II placed great responsibilities upon the young prince. While the former has been away for a long period of time, one of Macedonia’s colonies revolted.Due to the absence of his father, the young prince took over the situation and commanded the troops to subdue the said rebellion. He was also sixteen years old when he found his first ever colony, Alexandroupolis (Syversten, 1997). Alexander became the king of Macedonia at the age of 20. During that time, the Greek city states became restless under Macedonian rule. On one of his battles in the north, fighting the Barbarians, word spread about Alexander’s death, causing the people of Thebes to revolt.Upon learning of what is happening, Alexander had to engage in harsh measures to quell the rebellion. From then on, no one ever questioned the capacity, strength and efficiency of Alexander as a military leader (Cartledge, 2005). The young king then went on with his conquest of Persia, one of the dreams his father had, also knowing that he could not have real power with Darius, the gre at king of Persia around (Robinson, 1963). He defeated the great Persian ruler at the battle of Issus in 333 BC for the second time and in November of that same year, he was crowned as King of Persia (Stoneman, 1997).It was also in that time when he reached the Indian subcontinent where he defeated Porus, an Indian prince. Although he planned on taking on what lies beyond the Ganges River, Alexander had to go back as his army mutinied against him (Cummings, 2004). He was able extend his empire up to this part because of his marriage to the Bactrian princess, Roxanne (Gunther, 1963). The journeys of Alexander the Great led him to discover numerous cities and colonies. The most popular of them all, is perhaps the city which bears his name, Alexandria.The people in Egypt welcomed the Macedonian king hospitably, having despised their Persian rulers and crowned him as their pharaoh (Syversten, 1997). Egypt then became the center of learning and commerce because of its strategic location (Robinson, 1963). The greatness of Alexander, however started to diminish as he was continuously losing the support not just of his army but of the Macedonians as well because of his adoption of Persian ways (O’Brien, 1992). On July 10, 323 BC, a month before his 33rd birthday, Alexander the Great died.Some say it was because of malaria or other types of sicknesses while others theorize it to be caused by poisoning. Some say this was due to some people’s discontent with his rule, especially the sons of Antipater, the viceroy of Greece. With no legal heir to inherit his vast kingdom which extends from Greece to India, the empire of Alexander the Great has been distributed to his generals. Having conquered vast territory within a very short lifetime, Alexander the Great remains to be the greatest military commander and conqueror in the history of the world.References Cartledge, P. (2005). Alexander the Great: The Hunt for A New Past. US: Vintage. Cummings, L. V. (2004). Alexander the Great. USA: Grove Press. Green, P. (1970). Alexander the Great. USA: Cengage Learning Gunther, J. (1963). Alexander the Great. USA: Random House. O’ Brien, J. M. (1992). Alexander the Great: The Invisible Enemy: A Biography. UK: Routledge Pinkerton, J. (2002). Biography of Alexander the Great. Retrieved October 4, 2007 From http://mi. essortment. com/alexandergreat_rhqk. htmRobinson, C. A. (1963) Alexander the Great: Conqueror and Creator of A New World. USA: F. Watts Publishing. Shone, R. and Odgens, C. (2005) Alexander the Great: The Life of a King and a Conqueror. USA: Rosen Classroom. Stoneman, R. (1997). Alexander the Great. UK: Routledge. Syversten, T. (1997). The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great. Retrieved October 4, 2007 From http://members. aol. com/tomstp9/alex. html Tarn, W. W. (1979). Alexander the Great. Volume II: Sources and Studies. USA: Cambridge University Press

Don’t no

Aeronautical Science, Aviation Professionalism, Careers, and Certification Learning Objective: 1 . Explain the qualifications, attributes, ethics, and responsibilities of aviation professionals. 1 . Website: http://www. Fifth. Org/2011 /02/the-aviation-professional/ 2. Summary Directions: Always Professional To be in aviation means that you must put your best foot forward in all that you do. You must always be professional even when no one is looking.To be professional Is a qualification, attribute, and ethical responsibility that cannot be taking lightly. The duties and obligations that go along with being professional as an aviation member is critical to each mission. The pilot's responsibility is to know his or her Job and all emergency procedure that go along with their Job, that's professional. Professional Is an action that's not Just learned, but drill Into a person's mind, body, and soul. So, when they're in a panic situation Its second nature to them.To be professional Is t o carry one's self In an appropriate manner, so that If anyone see's them they know what values they stand for. A professional Is a person that knows his or her craft ended regular measures. Aviation professional know that they must do the right thing when no one Is watching, because they hold lives In their hands. People that work In the aviation field take the extra steps to do things right, that's practicing good ethics. These qualities can be found In many aviation personnel and that Is why we call them professionals.Wilbur Wright once said, ‘The safety of the operator Is more Important than any other point. Greater prudence Is needed rather that greater skill. † Each member of an aviation crew knows that If the pilot Is safe so Is all that flies with them. That Is why It Is Imperative that aviation professionals do the right thing when no one else Is watching. Don't no By metadata You must always be professional even when no one is looking. To be professional is a e mergency procedure that go along with their Job, that's professional.Professional is an action that's not Just learned, but drill into a person's mind, body, and soul. So, when they're in a panic situation its second nature to them. To be professional is to carry one's self in an appropriate manner, so that if anyone see's them they know what values they stand for. A professional is a person that knows his or her craft hint when no one is watching, because they hold lives in their hands. People that work in the aviation field take the extra steps to do things right, that's practicing good ethics.These qualities can be found in many aviation personnel and that is why we call them professionals. Wilbur Wright once said, â€Å"The safety of the operator is more important than any other point. Greater prudence is needed rather that greater skill. † Each member of an aviation crew knows that if the pilot is safe so is all that flies with them. That is why it is imperative that avi ation professionals do the right thing when no one else is watching.

Egypt vs. Fertile Crescent Essay

During the early dynastic period, the early River Civilizations had just come to be. Egypt and The Fertile Crescent were 2 of the civilizations. Different civilizations were developing different things as well as living two different ways of life. In social and intellectual ways, these two civilizations handled themselves in very similar as well as many different ways to function the way they did and remain stable while they could. Egypt and the Fertile Crescent shared certain things within the social and political part of their civilizations. They both needed a lot of work to be done. Anywhere from building pyramids, to parts of a city, someone had to do it, but who? To solve this dilemma, the Fertile Crescent used slaves, and Egypt had laborers. Having slaves or laborers made is accomplishable for job positions to be filled within a city, or made it easier and quicker to finish projects ordered by the Pharaoh. In an intellectual view, both developed a form of writing. The Fertile Crescent invented the cuneiform, which is also the first form of writing, to pass down history. As well as Egypt, they had hieroglyphics, which served the same purpose, In other words, they needed a way to keep records from generation to generation. To do this, they used what they had to develop a form of writing to accomplish this. As for differences between to two civilizations, they were very many social and political ones. The Fertile Crescent had a small amount of social classes. They had a priest, merchants, and slaves. Those are the basic classes. The significance of having a less amount of classes is simplicity. Also, because the Monarchy already holds most of the power, it has no need for someone else to have any. Egypt had a lot more compared to them. Pharaohs, Land owners, Army commander, merchants, Farmers, and Laborers. While having more social classes than The Fertile Crescent, it might seem to make it harder on them for they have more going on, and more people doing more things, but it made it easier on the Pharaoh. Yes, he still had say so in what went on, but there were still different people in charge of different things. As for any intellectual differences, Egypt was able to develop a calendar. By doing this, they were able to tell when any floods were coming and it was no surprise. Not only did this calendar only help with flooding problems, but they could also mark any important date of when anything happened during their time. On the other hand, the Fertile Crescent was always hit by surprise by floods from the river. They never developed a calendar, so for them, they had no clue when a flood was coming and it became a panic when it did.

Backup

Backup or backing up refers to the process of making copies of data to save and restore the original data incase of loss event also known as disaster recovery. Backup is so important in view of the fact that loss of data often happen in most machine users as their computers are habitually in the high risk of going wrong, failure in the hard disk does happen. The most common problems today that may result in loss of data are the threat to viruses. Although some viruses do not affect the file or the computer itself, some does and may even infect the hard disks of your computer resulting in data loss. David Smith estimated that 6% of all the personal computers suffer data loss every year (Boston Computing Network, 2010). Also, about 31% of PC users have experience data loss due to uncontrollable events (Boston Computing Network, 2010). When do you take backup (daily, weekly, on significant changes to data)? I personally do not set a specific schedule for backing up files because it has my habit to save a copy of important data. I also backup files when I make changes to them and so there is no need to have a schedule time for taking backup of files. In case of accidental loss of data, I do not have to worry since I have copies of all the files that are important to me. Do you schedule backups automatically? If so how? If not, how can you be sure to do them? No, I do not schedule automatic backups. As I have mentioned, it has been my habit to take backups whenever significant changes are made to my files. Thus, I am certain to have copies of all the files that I need. How do you take backup – manually, using the Copy facilities in the Windows Explorer? If so, describe the process; or do you have some other backup program? If so, what is it, and why do you like to use it? I take backups manually. I have to plug the storage device and manually save the data in order to create copies of it. I do not use back programs since I do not view taking backup as a task but rather I see it as an enjoyable thing to do since it gives me the certainly that in cases of data loss, I always have a copy. Where do you store the backup files (ie on what device and in what physical location) and why did you make that choice? Include costs, if any)? I have two primary devices used for data storage; flash disk and external hard disk. I used the flask disk for files that require changing in a short period of time, mostly school stuffs. On the other hand, I use the external hard disk for files that I rarely use as well as for large volume files. Still, I also use CDR’s for data that I wish not to be changed, mostly program files and installers. In the case that I am employed and required to use my personal computer for work related task, the only threat that I see is the privacy which can easily be handled by organizing files and folders. I believe that there would be no significant changes that must be done but I would need another hard disk in order to maintain that organization of my files. My original hard disk will be used for the backups of my personal files while the other will be used for work related documents. I would also have to change the allotment on my PC in order to cope with the changes. I will have to create partitions on the disks in order separate personal to work use: one partition for work use, one for personal use and another extra partition for other files. My flash disk would serve the same purpose as before, for files that often requires changes but both for personal and work related task. Thus, the only cost associated with the changes is another external hard disk for work related files as well as the time for making necessary changes.

Cervical Cancer (HPV Induced) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cervical Cancer (HPV Induced) - Research Paper Example Various types of cancers exist, depending on where cancerous tumors develop at. However, detection of all types of cancers is done though presence of visible signs and symptoms, medical imaging, and screening tests. Cervical cancer, for instance, is among the common type of cancer in women (Smith et al., 2012). Several cancer centers are currently researching on effective control measures, easy diagnostic procedures, and suitable management procedures for cervical cancer. This paper explores some aspects of cervical cancer. General Overview of Cervical Cancer Cervix is the lower portion of a woman’s uterus. Cervix connects the uterus with the vagina. Cervical cancer occurs when there is abnormal growth in the cervix cells and/or invasion by other tissues or organs. Like other cancers, cervical cancer is curable if detected and immediate and appropriate treatment is administered. As a key feature, cervical cancers slowly progress from a normal cervical tissue to cancerous tissu e changes. This slow progression is utilized by gynecologists, who detect the disease and give treatment at an early stage. Even though this early detection and administration of proper treatment has significantly lowered down prevalence of cervical cancer, a considerable portion of women still die of the disease every year. According to Smith et al. (2012), gynecologists are still challenged by invasive nature of the disease. As defined by Gadducci et al (2011), an invasive cancer means that the disease affects deeper cervix tissues and spread to other body parts. This kind of spread is defined by Walboomers et al. (1999) as metastasis. Causes of Cervical Cancer Several types of cervical cancers are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Different strains of HPV exist and each strain has different effect in the body. Apart from causing precancerous growths in the cervix, HPV also causes various types of skin warts and other abnormal body surface and skin disorders. Be ing a cause of genital warts, HPV makes sexual contact a window through which cervical cancer is transmitted. The risk of infection is higher for women with multiple sex partners. At initial stages, HPV causes cervical lesions which slowly progress to cancer. Walboomers et al. (1999), however, observes that HPV infections, in some cases, do not lead to cancer. According to Walboomers et al. (1999), HPV causes cervical cancer if an individual is persistently infected with a particular type of HPV. Based on the claim, HPVs are classified according to cancer risks associated with each type. Three types of HPVs, thus, exist, which are high-risk, moderately-risk, and low-risk. Infection by high-risk HPVs, therefore, causes immediately cancerous tumors in epithelial cells of cervix. Cigarette smoking is another risk factor for occurrence of cervical cancer. Chemicals in a cigarette react with cervical cells causing precancerous modifications on the cells. These changes slowly progresses t o cancer. Oral contraceptives, especially pills, increase chances of development of cancer of the cervix. The risk is pronounced in women who use pills for a long period. Just like the effect of tobacco, oral contraceptives react with cervical cells forming precancerous tumors. Other risk factors include: stress and stress-related disorders, multiple pregnancies, Chlamydia infection, dietary factors, family history, and weak immunity. Signs and Symptoms Sign and symptoms

Museum Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Museum Paper - Essay Example A numbers of these European artists spent their entire lives in the United States. All the paintings on the museum walls were created by these great artists between 1799 to 1843. It is observed that a number of paintings in the gallery depicted outdoor sceneries and the sky. The West painting measuring 34 by 25.6 cm was properly displayed in order to demonstrate the rich experiences of these artists. My first encounter with the West’s paintings in the museum walls were first confusing to me to an extent that I did not even recognize Benjamin Franklin, probably because I had little experience owing to my Qatar native and only two years of living experience in the united states. My little stay within the United States meant that I had little understanding of the American history. According to my understanding on these types of painting, I imaged that the West’s painting with a pictorial painting of an old man surrounded by angels as a person seeking for God’s divine and mercy because the pictures are made facing the sky. I my little understanding of the West’s art work, I thought these paintings symbolized guidance as the wends created a strong illusion of the presence of God in me and I finally had to inflame it because I could not explain it owing to my little understanding of the American art works. The presence of light symbolized intervention and s atisfaction. My little interpretation was also influenced by spiritual upbringing that made me closer to fundamental beliefs of God. For sure, I was aware that my interpretation of these great artistic works was different from the American artists because they had a deeper understanding of their profession. King George III, born in 1738in the United States had great control of America before losing the colonial control. Although he had an English originality, his presence

Marketing Management in a Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Management in a Global Economy - Essay Example When dealing with place, the company needs to ask where the buyer will search for the product, how the client will access the correct distribution channels, if they need to use a sales force, and what the competitors do that an individual can learn. For the pricing section of the marketing mix, the company requires to determine what the product’s value is to the client. Whether there is an established price point for services or products in the area, whether the client price is sensitive enough to give one an extra market share with a small price decrease, and how the company’s price compares with the competitors (Doole & Robin, 2008). When it comes to promotion, the company discerns when and where they can get their marketing measures across to their target market, how they can reach their audience via radio, press, or billboards, what time is best to carry their promotion, and whether any environmental issue dictates the marketing launch’s timing. The company a lso needs to determine how its competitors carry out its promotion. 2. Define Value Chain, and give an example of a company that utilizes a Value Chain Delivery Network, further cite the success rate of their value chain network. The concept of the â€Å"value chain†, owes its existence to Michael Porter, a management guru. Value chain refers to the sequential group of support and primary activities, which an enterprise carries out to turn various inputs into outputs that benefit its external customers (Doole & Robin, 2008). Various companies worldwide utilize value chain analysis, although the information shared about it is minimal because knowledge of one’s Value Chain Analysis means loss of competitive advantage. The profit wars have now moved to the supply chain arena with the VCA model now used for modeling across top clients like Target Stores, which utilize various kinds of services in the various quantities. Through the aid of some analytics, the companyâ€℠¢s logistics department can utilize the data for engagement with the customer and search for an optimal supply chain scenario. Toyota Motors is an example of a company that utilizes an integrated value-chain delivery network. Toyota manufactures its automotives via the TPS system, which puts emphasis on a lean system of manufacturing. This system was created to improve the cars’ quality, with the clients also being able to order the cars efficiently and quickly. Toyota Motors possesses an integrated system, known as TPS, in its production process. This system portends various advantages for the company’s production system. This ranges from Human Resource management to its products. This is further evidenced, in the fourteen principles, to which Toyota holds dear, including the quality of service, the efficiency of the production process, in addition with the quality of, the final product. This has allowed Toyota to become the biggest automotive company in the world bec ause of lean management that can be derived from a value chain delivery network. The system allows the company to deliver cars as fast and efficient as possible. 3. What is MIS (from a marketing point of view) and how does it affect the marketing research process? MIS is a system of communications, documents, procedures, and equipment that collects,